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MDA5-autoimmunity and interstitial pneumonitis contemporaneous with the COVID-19 pandemic (MIP-C) - eBioMedicine

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sarcozona
1 hour ago
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Cool mechanism tho
Epiphyte City
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Airborne pathogens: controlling words won’t control transmission - The Lancet

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WHO has proposed new terminology for “pathogens that transmit through the air”.

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WHO
Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air.

The stated rationale is that “[d]uring the pandemic, the terms ‘airborne’, ‘airborne transmission’, ‘droplets’ and ‘aerosols’ were used in different ways, by different stakeholders, which contributed to confusion in communicating how this pathogen was transmitted”.

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WHO
Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air.

The report proposes that use of the unqualified terms airborne and airborne transmission in the context of infectious disease transmission should be avoided. It introduces new terms matched to specific definitions, including “through-the-air transmission”, “infectious respiratory particles”, “airborne transmission/inhalation”, “direct deposition”, “semi-ballistic”, and “puff cloud”.

As the report says, the terms waterborne and bloodborne have wide currency. But so do airborne and aerosol, which have existed for over a century. An 1897 paper

stated: “every cough, sneeze and scream releases such droplets of sputum and oral secretions into the air in large quantities that they spread widely and float in the air for a long time”. A 1923 paper defined aerosol as “a system of particles of ultra-microscopic size dispersed in a gas”.

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  • Whytlaw-Gray R
  • Speakman J
  • Campbell J

Smokes: Part I—a study of their behaviour and a method of determining the number of particles they contain.

The term is thus analogous to hydrosol, denoting particles suspended in an aqueous medium.

Clear and accurate communication about how respiratory pathogens spread is of the utmost importance globally. Confusion on this topic abounds, especially in relation to COVID-19, but there is a simple explanation. Strong and consistent evidence for a predominantly airborne mode of transmission emerged early in the pandemic

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  • Wang CC
  • Prather KA
  • Sznitman J
  • et al.

Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.

but was denied or downplayed by WHO and national public health bodies for years.

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Why the WHO took two years to say COVID is airborne.

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  • Morawska L
  • Bahnfleth W
  • Bluyssen PM
  • et al.

Coronavirus disease 2019 and airborne transmission: science rejected, lives lost.

In November, 2022, WHO's outgoing Chief Scientist reflected that the organisation's greatest error in the pandemic was to deny early on that the virus might be airborne and design a global preventive strategy around an assumed droplet mode of transmission (ie, handwashing and surface cleansing).

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World Health Organisation chief admits key error it made at start of Covid outbreak.

Handwashing is still widely assumed to be the most important preventive measure against COVID-19, whereas precautions oriented to reducing airborne transmission (ie, improving indoor air quality and wearing high-quality, well-fitting masks in high-risk settings such as poorly ventilated spaces) are ignored or downplayed.

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  • Greenhalgh T
  • Ozbilgin M
  • Tomlinson D

How covid-19 spreads: narratives, counter narratives, and social dramas.

This new WHO report appears to assume that because some infectious disease experts believe that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is airborne only “situationally” (ie, under unusual conditions),

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WHO
Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air.

the issue is therefore scientifically complex. An alternative explanation, which has been extensively discussed in the peer-reviewed literature,

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  • Jimenez JL
  • Marr LC
  • Randall K
  • et al.

What were the historical reasons for the resistance to recognizing airborne transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic?.

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  • Randall K
  • Ewing ET
  • Marr LC
  • Jimenez JL
  • Bourouiba L

How did we get here: what are droplets and aerosols and how far do they go? A historical perspective on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.

is that dominant voices in the infection prevention and control community did not grasp the basics of airborne transmission and failed to listen to people who did.

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Why the WHO took two years to say COVID is airborne.

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  • Greenhalgh T
  • Ozbilgin M
  • Tomlinson D

How covid-19 spreads: narratives, counter narratives, and social dramas.

The report proposes a new era of multidisciplinary research made possible by a “consensus” on terminology.

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WHO
Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air.

This reasoning overlooks the importance of discipline-specific language and concepts. Scientific experts share a common jargon and set of practices for a reason: it allows them to develop broadly coherent—although internally contested and constantly evolving—bodies of knowledge and to achieve a degree of sophistication and granularity in their research that would not otherwise be possible. Multidisciplinarity is achieved not when scientific terms are dumbed down, homogenised, and prevented from evolving, but when scientists in one discipline come to acknowledge and respect the value of perspectives other than their own, allowing contestation between disciplines through debate and deliberation. If the goal is public understanding of the mechanisms of transmission, then experts in fields such as communications and education are needed. Experts from these disciplines apparently had no input in the report.

The WHO report states that “it was important to balance scientific insights with availability, access, affordability and other practical realities in resource-limited settings”.

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WHO
Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air.

We agree, but affordability and availability challenges will not be solved by calling airborne transmission by another name. The report concludes: “[C]onsideration for use of the phrase ‘transmission through the air’… will require specific socialization and training to be understood by both health care workers and the general public.”

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WHO
Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air.

To have these new terms be taken up by various institutions and scholars, as the authors of the report propose, will be complex and unrealistic, requiring extensive retraining and the rewriting of hundreds of documents. Pragmatically, a new set of terms will add to existing confusion, not reduce it. Our time, energy, and resources would be better spent proceeding with long-established terms (eg, airborne and aerosol) that are well understood across the natural sciences to advance understanding of airborne transmission among clinicians and the public.

In the past 3 years, TG has received grants from the UK National Institute for Health Research, Balvi, the Medical Research Council, Health Data Research UK, and Research Council of Norway. She is a governing body fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford; and a Visitor at the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford; and was previously a Trustee and adviser to the Hilda Martindale Charitable Trust. TG is also a member of Independent SAGE. CRM has received grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Future Fund, and Sanofi. She has received book royalties for Dark Winter—an Insider's Guide to Pandemics and Biosecurity, published in 2022. She has been an expert witness for the Ontario Council of Hospital Unions, which represents employees working at hospitals and long-term care facilities in ON, Canada, on personal protective equipment. She is on the data monitoring board for the Panda II DSMB clinical trial, and on advisory boards for Sanofi, Pfizer, Merck, and Seqirus on vaccines (influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID-19). MU has received research grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. JMW is on the board of directors of the Canadian Lung Association. This is an unpaid position.

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sarcozona
1 hour ago
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The behaviour of the WHO around the topic of airborne transmission makes me terrified for future pandemics.
Epiphyte City
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Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 vs Influenza in Fall-Winter 2023-2024 | Coronavirus (COVID-19) | JAMA | JAMA Network

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sarcozona
1 hour ago
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1) getting the flu is actually bad and 2) covid is worse
Epiphyte City
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Fear Is the Wish

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When I ran up to the corner, a car was waiting to make a right and I slowed down, wary of the young woman driving because she was texting on her cell phone. Lost in her electronic reverie she didn’t move so, I jogged past, giving her a wide berth. Good thing I did. 

Looking to her left, she gunned the engine and, if I hadn’t given myself margin of safety, she’d have run me right over. As her brakes screeched, I looked at her through my mirror shades and shook my head. Upset, she shook her fist at me, which pissed me off. 

“You are an idiot,” I yelled. Because I popped her faux sense of personal automotive space – or more likely she was now confronted by a howling man whose eyes she could not see – she burst in to tears of fright. Good. Sometimes, lessons have to be learned the hard way.  Maybe she’ll look next time. Resuming my run, I wondered if I’d saved some unknown runner in the not too distant future. 

A few miles later, I came to a busy intersection and, no fool I, stopped at the crosswalk and waited for traffic to respect the rules of the road. When the cars stopped, I started to jog across when a red sedan blew right through the crosswalk, prompting the other drivers to honk their horns in solidarity with my fury. “Motherfucker,’ I said to myself. Feeling my form falter as anger erupted in my chest, I slowed to a walk to catch my breath. I needed the break anyway. Then again, my vehicular close calls were partly my fault. Not in a legal sense mind you. If any of those morons had hit me, I’d’ve sued them for enough money to put my daughter through Harvard five times over and have a science wing named after me. No, my mistake was being lazy that morning and starting my run after 7:30 AM. If I’d started at 6:30 like I’d planned to, I’d have avoided most of the morning rush and enjoyed relatively clear roads, but I’d decided to sleep in a little but longer. My bad. 

I like to think I’m good driver and, while I’ve made my share of mistakes over the years, I take the safety of pedestrians seriously. So, I get quite aggravated when other drivers don’t give me the same consideration. But then again, people are assholes – and the pandemic made many drivers into even bigger ones. Is it just me or are people no longer signaling turns, running red lights more and treating stop signs and crosswalks as friendly suggestions? A few months ago, I watched aghast as a produce truck blew through a red light while a mother and her tykes were crossing the street. Furious, I followed the truck to a restaurant, took down the license plate number and reported it to the police when I arrived at work. 

“We can issue him a ticket,” the desk sergeant said. “But did you see the driver? Could you identify him out of a lineup?” 

“No,” I said. “I didn’t feel like confronting him in the parking lot.” 

Shaking his head, the cop said, “These companies hire anybody they can find and, when they get dragged into court, their lawyer will bring in several guys who all look alike and ask, ‘Well who was it?’ If you’re not certain who the driver was the case gets thrown out one hundred percent of the time.” 

“That’s bullshit,” I said. 

“Way it is,” the sergeant said, “I don’t make the laws, I only enforce them.” 

Resuming my run, I started down a residential street without sidewalks near my job, jogging in the direction of oncoming traffic, which is usually sparse on that road. Keeping my eyes focused twenty feet ahead, I spied a pickup truck barreling down the street, hugging the curb. The driver, you guessed it, was on his cell phone – with a cigarette dangling from his mouth. Jumping left onto someone’s lawn, I felt the truck’s slipstream wash over me as it blasted past. To add insult to injury, the pickup driver angrily blasted his horn, trumpeting his asphaltic covetousness. Turning, I gave him the finger, my lizard brain hoping he’d stop and get out of his truck, but he kept violating the speed limit right past a school. Which is just as well. Something tells me the mayor wouldn’t appreciate my getting arrested for assault. 

After three vehicular close calls in twenty minutes, my concentration was shot, and I decided to walk home. Nothing puts my heart into overdrive like anger. “This is why we can’ have anything nice,” I muttered to myself. When I got to my house, I jumped in the shower, aggravated that my routine had been derailed by thoughtless jerks but, as warm water cascaded over me, I realized I was being a bit of a hypocrite.  When I worked the Bistro, I couldn’t stand the legions of cyclists who came into the restaurant to refuel midway during their jaunts to and from Manhattan. Fifty year old men in spandex look ridiculous and goodness, those stupid shoes click clacking and scratching up our wooden floors! Then, after several glasses of wine, the weekend warriors would depart, cycling home in various states of inebriation. I couldn’t stand them – and they were lousy tippers to boot. 

To this day, I still have residual animus towards those guys, so much so that, when I pass a gaggle of them on the road I say to my wife, “Hey! Want to be famous?” Of course, I’ve never indulged my homicidal fantasies, but it’s illustrative of the sickness American car culture engenders. When we’re behind the wheel, we like to think we own the road and fuck everyone else. Despite my protectiveness of pedestrians, my tender feelings don’t seem to extend to cyclists. Sure, it probably results from waiter PTSD but, in the final analysis, that’s my problem. Feeling somewhat chastened, I got dressed, went to work, and discussed my close calls with a co-worker. 

“That’s why I gave up running,” she said. “That and my knees.” 

“It’s crazy out there,” I said.  

“You should run on trails. No cars there.” 

“Twisted ankle city. No way.” 

“There’s another thing,” my coworker said. 

“What’s that?” 

“Some people hate seeing other people exercising.  It reminds them of how much they’ve let their health go.” 

“You know,” I said. “I never thought of it that way.” 

Back behind my desk, I thought of what my co-worker said. Throughout my life I’ve run into people who would smoke, drink, and eat double cheeseburgers every day and then lambast fitness buffs as “pussies.” Most of them ended up toe tagged in the morgue before they hit sixty. Was their disregard for exercise a way for them to hide from the anxiety of what they were doing to their bodies? Did seeing someone cycle or jog make them angry because they were unwilling or unable to do so themselves? There’s an old adage, “Fear is the wish” and when people get scared, they get angry. Perhaps that’s why we can’t have anything nice. One thing’s for sure, running has given me a new appreciation for sharing the road with the carless. Self-serving? Too little too late? Perhaps, but late is better than never.  And let’s face it, I’m running because I’m also scared of ending up toe-tagged in the morgue. 

The next day I went running with a new attitude towards drivers- they’re all 100% out to kill me. 

The post Fear Is the Wish appeared first on Waiter Rant.

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sarcozona
14 hours ago
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Epiphyte City
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NC Senate panel approves controversial bill that targets protests, bans masks in public • NC Newsline

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The North Carolina Senate Judiciary Committee approved an amended version of House Bill 237 on Tuesday morning that would prohibit the wearing of masks in public. 

The controversial bill, which would also increase criminal penalties for those who commit crimes while wearing a mask in public, comes in the wake of protests that have erupted on college campuses across the country in response to the Israel-Hamas conflict.  

The legislation would also create a new offense for blocking traffic, a tactic used in some recent protests. 

Sen. Buck Newton (R-Greene, Wayne and Wilson), who sponsored the “committee substitute,” said it aims to reinstate a law that existed before the COVID-19 pandemic. 

“We’re really just resetting the law to what it was pre-COVID,” said Newton. “That’s really what the purpose is now, is to deal with organizations and individuals who are intent on breaking the law and hiding their identity, and using the hiding of their identity as a way to intimidate other people — to get away with it.”   

Laws dating back to the 1950s that were enacted, at least in part, as responses to groups like the Ku Klux Klan, prohibit wearing a mask in public in North Carolina, with exceptions. Those exceptions were expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic to include people wearing masks for health reasons. Newton’s bill would remove that specific exception. 

Lawmakers and advocates from several organizations criticized the bill, calling it an attempt to restrict protest activity that would also endanger public health. 

“This bill is clearly in response to the recent protests on college campuses against Israel’s military campaign in Gaza,” Melissa Price Kromm, executive director of NC for the People Action, said. “Thus, it is another anti-protest bill.”   

Though he acknowledged concerns about public health, Newton said he believes some are “stoking fears” about the law and exploiting COVID-era laws that allowed mask wearing as an excuse to hide their identities. 

“I think that there’s people out there who are trying to prey upon their fear about that. This was not a problem pre-COVID,” said Newton. “We didn’t see granny getting arrested in the Walmart pre-COVID. I don’t think we’re going to see that when we pass this legislation.” 

Sen. Sydney Batch (D-Wake) pushed back, saying that as someone who was immunocompromised during medical treatment, she opposes any provision that makes mask-wearing more difficult for people with health concerns. 

“I don’t think that it’s stoking the fears of individuals who walk through this world compromised through no fault of their own,” Batch said. “My issue is that we are removing the specific section that gave people who are immunocompromised or people who were sick and just care about the community. Someone walking around with tuberculosis, wants to wear a mask to protect everybody else is no longer able to do that based on this bill.”   

“No one wants to see a grandmother arrested for wearing a mask. The fact, though, is that this would criminalize that process,” said Sen. Natasha Marcus (D-Mecklenburg), adding that wearing a mask in public is life-or-death for some people. “Stated plainly, your bill will make it illegal,” Marcus added.    

Advocates from other organizations including Disability Rights NC, Emancipate NC, and the ACLU of North Carolina all spoke out against provisions in the bill that target protesters.  

“This bill is part of a broader attack on democracy we are seeing at the state legislature, while lawmakers who support these attacks on the right to protest are also leading efforts to make it harder to vote and to participate in the legislative process,” said Elizabeth Barber, the policy director of the ACLU of North Carolina.  

In a statement released prior to the committee meeting, the North Carolina NAACP decried the measure as “a dangerous bill that threatens the fundamental right to protest in North Carolina.”

“This legislation seeks to impose severe penalties on protesters, particularly targeting those who block traffic or wear masks,” the statement read. “By criminalizing these protest tactics, the bill aims to silence marginalized communities and stifle legitimate expressions of dissent.”

The bill was approved on a voice vote and then referred to the power Senate Rules Committee. If and when it is approved by the full Senate, it will be returned to the House for concurrence in the Senate changes.

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sarcozona
19 hours ago
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This is what happens when you spend years calling anyone trying to keep from catching Covid “covidiots” and “covidians” or “lockdown loonies.”

I have a lot of relatives in NC. And a lot of them are the kind of people who’d use insults like that and skip their vaccines too. But others are worried about their health or do caregiving for very elderly relatives and would love to mask, but gave up after one too many interactions with folks hostile about masking.
Epiphyte City
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DIY box fan filters – Corsi-Rosenthal box - Clean Air Crew

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Also known as a Corsi-Rosenthal box, this DIY method of building your own air filter with MERV13 furnace filters and a box fan are an easy and cost-effective way to help clear indoor air from airborne virus particles, wildfire smoke, pollen, dust, and more!

If you can seal a box, you can build one (or 100!) of these!


Image / Video Gallery

This gallery includes photos of builds, creative modifications, instructional images, as well as videos. Click through tags below to load more.

corsirosenthalbox blank background

Video: How to effectively ventilate classrooms using fans, HEPA filters or Corsi-Rosenthal box fans and monitors

Cleaning indoor air properly greatly reduces infections by airborne viruses, like COVID-19. This video explains it all very well!


How to build a Corsi-Rosenthal box fan filter

Start here

A Variation on the “Box Fan with MERV 13 Filter” Air Cleaner Article by Jim Rosenthal

Read about it in WIRED: https://www.wired.com/story/could-a-janky-jury-rigged-air-purifier-help-fight-covid-19/

Construction Guide:

More details, including filter brands to avoid, here: encycla.com/Corsi-Rosenthal_Cube (by Philip Neustrom)
(hint: Filterbuy MERV-13, prevalent on Amazon, have not tested well)


Illustrated Guide

by Amanda H @ughberta

The Fan Shroud

An optional part of a box fan filter is the fan shroud, or covered fan corners. Covering corners of a square box fan closes gaps and improves efficiency of the fan. See Jim Rosenthal’s article about it here. Use cardboard or duct tape.

Testing to optimize fan shroud size. David Elfstrom found a 13.5 to 14.25 inch diameter opening to work best with a Utilitech brand fan. Lasko fans work best with a 15 inch fan shroud.


Choosing filters

David Elfstrom advises “keep an eye out for local sales on the 20x20x1 or 20x25x1 Filtrete 1900 and box fans

To build with 2 inch deep filters, use (3) 20x20x2 and (2) 16x20x2

You can order a full set of high-quality MERV13 filters to make this air purifier here: https://www.texairfilters.com/filters-for-box-fan-and-merv-13-filters-air-cleaner
These 2 inch deep filters (compared to typical 1 inch) provide greater surface area for filtration, better air flow, quieter operation, and longer filter life.


Performance

The Corsi-Rosenthal box (single filter tested, full cube would be even better!) performs very well! It is the most cost effective air cleaner on Marwa Zaatari’s chart!


From Bill Bahnfleth, Chair – ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force

source: https://twitter.com/WBahnfleth/status/1469454061225316353?s=20

source: https://twitter.com/WBahnfleth/status/1469781099043864583


CR Boxes in Johns Hopkins “Ventilation: Vital Tool to Reduce Spread”

source: https://twitter.com/MarinaC_Dyb/status/1469469896664829952?s=20


Round Fan alternate design

Not all parts of the world have box fans available. This international team has worked out an alternate design using a round fan!


Travel DIY Air filter


Modification: Screen as “prefilter”

This modification, adding fiberglass screen material, can keep pet hair out of filters and prolong their useful life, with barely noticeable flow reduction!


FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

New comprehensive FAQ page here!

Also, tons of details and FAQs in this excellent comprehensive thread by Lazarus Long.


Video: Box Fan Filter build tutorial – Spanish

source: AleHSalcedo2

Video: A Fourth Grader Explains How to Build a DIY Corsi/Rosenthal Box Air Cleaner

source: @gbignami

Watch more videos


Mass production!

Check out how Rosie @BkPhilanthropy assembled and distributed 100 air filters!

Download the printable PDF of the insert they included with the filters!


Dr. Prather with UCSanDiego


Brown University
Students unite to take a hands-on, DIY approach to improving air quality

An event hosted by Brown’s School of Public Health brought students together to build low-cost, highly effective Corsi-Rosenthal cubes as air filters that will augment existing filtration systems at Brown.

www.brown.edu/news/2021-11-19/diy



Common concerns addressed

Developed by @amandalhu, this interactive PDF addresses common points of confusion around air filters.

Rebuttal Matrix for Advocates of Air Filtration in Schools Based on Common Barriers


Find more tweets about this:

Box fan filter
#corsirosenthalbox
#CorsiRosenthalBoxes
#CorsiBox
Corsi Rosenthal box


In the news:


3M scientists: This Corsi-Rosenthal box movement is legit

Scientific American: We Need to Improve Indoor Air Quality: Here’s How and Why
Upgrading buildings’ ventilation, filtration and other factors would not only decrease COVID transmission but also improve health and cognitive performance in general

CBS News: New air purifiers filter at least 90% of COVID-carrying particles, researchers say

WIRED: Could a Janky, Jury-Rigged Air Purifier Help Fight Covid-19?

DIY Air Filters For Classrooms? Experts Are Enthusiastic — And A Citizen Scientist Makes It Easy

Smithsonian Magazine: The Homemade Air Purifier That’s Been Saving Lives During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Made from everyday items found in hardware stores, the Corsi-Rosenthal box is a testament to the power of grassroots innovation

UCSD students, staff build filtration boxes to prevent spread of COVID in classrooms

NBC News: What to do if a family member tests positive? How to ‘Covid-proof’ your home. The best strategy for avoiding the Covid virus is to make indoor air as much like the outdoors as possible, experts say.

Brown University: Students unite to take a hands-on, DIY approach to improving air quality. An event hosted by Brown’s School of Public Health brought students together to build low-cost, highly effective Corsi-Rosenthal cubes as air filters that will augment existing filtration systems at Brown.

UCDavis: The Corsi-Rosenthal Box: DIY Box Fan Air Filter for COVID-19 and Wildfire Smoke

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sarcozona
19 hours ago
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There should be more info on choosing fans in these guides - I’ve never been around a CR box that wasn’t annoyingly or even disruptively loud.
Epiphyte City
rocketo
2 days ago
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now that the entire u.s. is susceptible to wildfire smoke (and covid, still), seems like a worthy project
seattle, wa
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fxer
2 days ago
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Ooo might have to build one out of my spare box fans
Bend, Oregon
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